Geography
Peru, in western South America, extends for nearly 1,500 mi (2,414 km) along
the Pacific Ocean. Neighboring countries are: Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia
en Chile. Peru is divided by the Andes Mountains into three sharply
differentiated zones. To the west is the coastline, much of it arid, extending 50 to
100 mi (80 to 160 km) inland. The mountain area, with peaks over 20,000 ft
(6,096 m), lofty plateaus, and deep valleys, lies centrally. Beyond the mountains
to the east is the heavily forested slope leading to the Amazonian plains.
The capital city of Peru is Lima.
Climate
The climate on the coast is subtropical with very little rainfall. The Andes
mountains observe a cool-to-cold climate with rainy summers and very dry
winter. The eastern lowlands present an Equatorial climate with hot weather
and rain distributed all year long.
Population
Population of peru 30.38 million (2013) (worldbank, un data)
Population of Lima 8.473 million (2007) (Undata, united states census bureau)
Language
According to the Peruvian Constitution of 1993, Peru's official languages
are Spanish and Quechua, Aymara and other indigenous languages in areas
where they predominate. Spanish is spoken by 84.1% of the population and
Quechua by 13%, while other languages make up the remaining 2.9%.