Janne de Hoop
Janne de Hoop
1. Presence and design for presence from Nevejan (2015)
To achieve change and look for the right field of change the behaviour of people in a socio-technological system is split up in different categories by Nevejan (2015). These factors influence each other as well as influence external people and resources within the socio-technological system. These factors can be divided into 4 main categories. The tool to map the factors for a certain actor could work very well as an evaluation tool to compare two different actors of a system with each other.
2.Pro-environmental behaviour
At first people are striving for well being, this could either be eudaimonic well-being or hedonic well-being. Venhoeven, Bolderdijk and Stege state that there are both positive signals and negative signals on the well-being because of pro-environmental behaviour.
3.Eudaimonic well-being
Within Eudaimonic well-being Aristotle defined it as: living as using 'one's best human capacities by actively pursuing virtues and excellences.' It is important that some does things for the right reason and be conscious about that. If you are ignorant of what is done it doesn't influence the eudaimonic well-being. Eurdaimonic well-being is also more of an long-term approach were the goal is to achieve deeper positive emotions (Venhoeven, Bolderdijk and Steg, 2013)
4.Hedonic well-being
Within Hedonic well-being it is stated by Venhoeven, Bolderdijk and Steg (2013 p3) it is fleeting positive emotions such as pleasure. Hereby it is important that the goal is clear. As the critical point here is that goal pursuit reduces hedonic wellbeing only if the goal is perceived to be unattainable. If a goal is too far away (because the end goal is creating a circulair economy for example), it is counter productive. By refraiming a big goal into smaller, attainable goals, people get motivated to engage in this behavious and derive hedonic well-being from their engagement (Venhoeven, Bolderdijk and Steg, 2013 p5). The negative well-being that is related to some of the ways to achieve sustainability should be taken away. If there is now difference between two products in general, it doesn't matter on the hedonic well-being point of view if it is sustainable or not. The key is to create extra positive associations with the more sustainable product, instead of negative. An example of a negative association is for example: you could be very good at reducing energy, but if that relates to you staying cold, because you don't turn on the heater it relates to discomfort. Especially this discomfort will also be very hard for other people to understand.
Ram Kamath
1. Presence and design for presence from Nevejan (2015)
Presence is the human characteristic of guiding oneself towards survival and well-being. With the emergence of virtual personas, the boundaries between being there (virtual reality) and being here (replication through virtual reality) are being blurred. Our emotions and sensations drive our “performance” of presence. This performance may also concern the well-being of other individuals.Incorporating the value of presence in the design of socio-technical systems provides actors the option of steering towards well-being. This opportunity to perform presence is vital for the success of participatory systems.
2.Pro-environmental behaviour
This is the sort of behaviour that prevents harm to the environment. It may negatively or positively affect human well-being.
3.Eudaimonic well-being
Eudaimonic well-being comes about by leading a virtuous life. The ultimate goal, according to this school of thought, is to achieve full potential by maintaining prudence and self-discipline rather than by giving in to every desire and by doing what is right.
4.Hedonic well-being
Hedonic well-being holds that happiness increases through increasing pleasure and limiting discomfort. Achieving goals and desires give meaning to life and increase human well-being.However, if the goals or desires are to big and cause too much discomfort in the process of attaining them, they will reduce well-being.
Mark Ernst
1. Presence and design for presence from Nevejan (2015)
Presence is defined by Nevejan as 'steering towards well-being and survival'. This steering can be done within 4 categories. Different actors have different values for presence. A system can be designed to meet certain requirements for presence of the actors. It can also be used to analyse the system.
2.Pro-environmental behaviour
Pro-environmental behaviour is exactly what its saying: behaviour that is non-damaging for the environment. This does not by definition mean the same as 'sustainable' behaviour. This is the behaviour to bring a better quality of life for next generations. So only when pro-environmental behaviour leads to a better quality of life, it can be called sustainable. But sometimes it's also threatening human well-being.
3.Eudaimonic well-being
Eudaimonic well-being is doing what is right. It's about doing the right things for the right reason. Important is that this does not always has to give a good feeling, but that it contributes to the meaning of life. Pro-environmental behaviour can provide a source of meaning in life, thereby directly increasing eudaimonic well-being.
4.Hedonic well-being
Hedonic well-being is the search for pleasure. This can be found in both physically and cognitively pleasant moments. Setting and passing goals helps to achieve this (cognitive) pleasure. But big, unachievable goals will lower the well-being. That's why it's important to divide big goals in smaller, achievable goals.
In this chapter, we talk about present daily life practices regarding waste management on Texel in terms of YUTPA diagrams and the desired state of the practices in the future. We present how we can move to the future system and what changes have to be made to daily life practices.
From the literature, we realized that in the design of the future inorganic waste management system and the technological transition too, we should ensure that the actors involved are allowed to pursue their well-being. This generates greater trust in the system and the participatory nature of the system as well as the transition process means there is greater input legitimacy. Since input legitimacy is present, the system that has been created has a greater probability of achieving socially desired outcomes. In other words, it will have achieved output legitimacy too. The participation of the Texelaars must be encouraged through small, achievable goals instead of large wholesale changes. We can imagine that large changes to daily lives will cause discomfort and reduction in (hedonic) well-being. Perhaps education in achieving eudaimonic well-being will make it easier for Texelaars to make some changes in their waste management practices.